Forwarded Without Question: How Web Frameworks Overtrust the Forwarded Header

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Forwarded Without Question: How Web Frameworks Overtrust the Forwarded Header

Some web frameworks and servers, including Rails, Spring and Jetty, read values from the Forwarded request header in their default configuration. Most reverse proxies, CDNs and middleware servers do not touch the Forwarded header in requests. As a result, Forwarded headers set in untrusted requests will get passed on through proxies to the web applications, which may then consider the header tr...

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A technical blog post explaining how some web frameworks and servers trust the Forwarded HTTP header by default, allowing untrusted client-supplied values to be interpreted by applications. It shows how this can enable client IP, host name, and protocol spoofing and recommends configuring proxies and apps to agree on trusted headers and drop untrusted ones.

  • Forwarded can replace X-Forwarded-* but is not widely adopted
  • Frameworks (Rails, Spring, Jetty) may parse Forwarded by default
  • Configure proxies and apps to drop or validate untrusted proxy headers

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